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Microsporum nanum
''Microsporum nanum'' is a pathogenic fungus in the family Arthrodermataceae. It is a type of dermatophyte which causes infection in dead keratinized tissues such as skin, hair, and nails. ''Microsporum nanum'' is found worldwide and is both zoophilic and geophilic. Animals such as pigs and sheep are the natural hosts for the fungus; however, infection of humans is also possible. Majority of the human cases reported are associated with pig farming. The fungus can invade the skin of the host; if it is scratched off by the infected animal, the fungus is still capable of reproducing in soil.
When grown on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar at 25 °C, ''M. nanum'' produces a thin, powdery, and soft fibrous colony that appears white at the center becoming light yellowish-brown towards the colony margin. The reverse side appears brownish-orange in young colony and reddish-brown in older colony.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Fungal_Descriptions/Dermatophytes/Microsporum/Microsporum_nanum.html )〕 The mitochondrial genome of ''M. nanum'' consists of 15 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 25 tRNAs, one intron and one intronic ORF. Approximately 84% of the mitochondrial genome are the structural genes. ''Microsporum nanum'' infections include tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea faciei.〔 Griseofulvin, clotrimazole, miconazole, enilconazole and many herbal treatments, such as extracts from ''Azadirachta indica'', essential oil from ''Curcuma longa'' and ''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' have been reported to be effective in inhibiting the fungus.
== Taxonomy and naming ==
''Microsporum nanum'' was first thought to be a variant of ''M. gypseum'' by Fuentes, Aboulafia, and Vidal who named it ''M. gypseum var. nanum'' in 1954. Significant morphological differences between the macroconidia of ''M. gypseum var. nanum'' and ''M. gypseum var. gypseum'' prompted Fuentes to elevate the former to the species-level as ''M. nanum'' two years later. The sexual reproductive (teleomorph) stage of ''M. nanum'' was first described by Dawson and Gentles as ''Nannizzia obtusa'' in 1961 who isolated it from skin lesions in pigs in Kenya. The name was changed to ''Arthroderma obtusum'' by Weitzman, McGinnis, Padhye and Ajello in 1986.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mycobank.org/Biolomics.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Page=200&ViewMode=Basic )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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